Dropped Ball: Who Gets It, and Where
If the ball was on its way out for your throw-in when the referee stopped play, the dropped ball is now yours. And a ball that hits a match official is dropped where the contact happened.
Dropped for the team that would have retained or gained possession, with no wording covering a ball on its way out of play.
That team includes the one that would have taken the throw-in, corner or goal kick. Interference by an official or outside agent fixes the position of the drop.
What changed
Law 8 already dropped the ball for the team that would have retained or gained possession. It now says in its own words that this includes the team that would have taken the restart where the ball would have gone out of play. Where a match official or an outside agent interfered, the ball is dropped at the position of the interference rather than at the position of the ball.
Why it matters
Before this, a ball clearly rolling out for a throw-in when play was stopped left the referee with no printed answer, and the fallback was the team that last touched it, which is the opposite of what everyone on the field expects. The stoppage no longer takes the restart away from the team that had earned it.
Scenarios
Play stopped while the ball rolls out for a throw-in
A defender's clearance is heading over the touchline for an attacking throw-in when the referee stops play for a head injury.
The ball hits the referee and play is stopped
The ball strikes the referee in midfield, a team starts a promising attack, and play is stopped.