Investigate a call

Penalty

Should that have been a penalty? A foul or a handball, and the area is taken as read.

Handball

Deliberate? Unnatural position? Does it matter for a goal?

Red card

Was that a sending-off? Violence, DOGSO, abuse, or a second caution.

Offside

Was the player in an offside position? Were they involved in play?

Yellow card

Was that a caution? Fouls, dissent, delaying, simulation, celebrations, and repeated offences.

Denied a goal or clear chance

DOGSO: the four factors, and why it is sometimes a yellow rather than a red.

Foul

The full ladder: was it a foul, careless, reckless or excessive force, and what does it cost?

VAR protocol

Should VAR have reviewed this at all? The monitor, who may ask for a review, and whether the protocol was followed.

Simulation

Was it a dive? The test is the attempt to deceive, not the contact.

Manager or bench

Warning, caution, sending-off: the separate ladder Law 12 runs for the technical area.

The referee: whistle, advantage, injuries

Why there was no whistle, why play carried on, when play stops for an injury, and when a decision can still be changed.

Misconduct

Cards away from a challenge: what was said, a delayed restart, leaving the field, a goal celebration, and the offences Law 12 names by name.

Taking a free kick

The wall, the ten yards, the quick kick, and what happens once the ball is in play.

Throw-in

Foul throw? The two metres, the five-second countdown, and the thrower's second touch.

Corner or goal kick

Who touched it last, how each kick is taken, and the new corner for the eight seconds.

Ball in and out of play

Was it out? The line that still counts as in, a burst ball, a broken crossbar, the referee getting hit, the dropped ball, and the kick-off.

Substitutions and extra persons

How many subs, the ten seconds, a goalkeeper change, and what happens when someone is on the field who should not be.

Goals and the shoot-out

What counts as a goal, how a drawn match is decided, and the shoot-out: who is eligible, why numbers are equalised, and when a kick is a miss rather than a retake.

Added time and the length of the match

What the referee has to allow for, why the board is a minimum rather than a countdown, and what happens to a match that is abandoned.

Kit and equipment

Jewellery, undershirts, head covers, slogans: what a player may and may not wear.

Sin bins

Temporary dismissals: where they are allowed, how long, and why the system changes what a second caution does.

Goalkeeper

Eight seconds, back-passes, handling: what may a goalkeeper do?

Taking a penalty kick

Who moved early, the wrong kicker, feinting, the second touch, and whether the kick is retaken.

Captain, concussion and other protocols

Who may approach the referee, the ten seconds, the minute off the field, the concussion substitution, and whether a rule you saw is actually in the Laws.

Off-the-ball offences

Holding at a corner, blocking without contact, a high foot, something said, an object thrown, or an offence off the field: what it costs and where the free kick is taken from.

Linesman or fourth official

What a flag means, why it stayed down for a foul, who decides added time, and when the referee can overrule an official.